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[Google Scholar] 107.Tanioka M, Miyachi Y

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Key molecular observations in published research include: Dose-dependent suppression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8 in LPS-stimulated macrophage cultures Reduction of NF-κB nuclear translocation in colonic epithelial cell lines under inflammatory challenge Induction of IL-10 (an anti-inflammatory cytokine) in regulatory T-cell and dendritic cell populations Preservation of tight-junction protein expression (ZO-1, occludin) in models of chemically-induced intestinal permeability An important property that distinguishes KPV from larger peptides is its cellular internalization : the tripeptide appears to enter cells via the dipeptide/tripeptide transporter PepT1, which is abundantly expressed on intestinal epithelial cells and is up-regulated in inflamed tissue